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In this volume, Mark J. Keown scrupulously examines Philippians with a clear eye on the original text and a fine-tuned ear to first-century culture while also interacting with the full history of scholarship on Philippians. The result is the most comprehensive commentary on Philippians to date that also carefully considers the letter’s theological and devotional importance for present-day...

slaves.321 Slavery was assumed, with no Graeco-Roman writer challenging it.322 People initially became slaves through war and kidnapping, and by the time of Paul, most were born into slavery, while others were foundlings (e.g., through exposure) or those sold, whether voluntarily, freeborn children, or to relieve debt.323 Slavery was no doubt as pervasive in the provinces, making up the work force of the empire (“human tools” [Aristotle]).324 Slavery had little religious meaning and was repudiated
Volume 1, Page 99